Hỏi đáp Lớp 11

Viết phương trình đã cho dưới dạng

\(\left( {\sin x - \cos x} \right){m^2} + \left( {{{\cos }^2}x - {{\sin }^2}x} \right)m \)

\(+ \left( {\sin x - \cos x} \right) = 0.\)

Để đẳng thức này đúng với mọi m thì ta phải có

\(\left\{ \matrix{
\sin x - \cos x = 0 \hfill \cr 
{\cos ^2}x - {\sin ^2}x = 0 \hfill \cr} \right.\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \) \(\sin x - \cos x = 0\)

\(\begin{array}{l}
\Leftrightarrow \sin x = \cos x\\
\Leftrightarrow \tan x = 1\\
\Leftrightarrow x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k\pi
\end{array}\)

Trong khoảng \(\left( { - {{3\pi } \over 4};\pi } \right)\) có đúng một giá trị \(x = {\pi  \over 4}\) thỏa mãn phương trình đã cho với mọi \(m \in R\).

\(\begin{array}{l}
3{\sin ^2}2x + 7\cos 2x - 3 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 3\left( {1 - {{\cos }^2}2x} \right) + 7\cos 2x - 3 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow - 3{\cos ^2}2x + 7\cos 2x = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \cos 2x\left( { - 3\cos 2x + 7} \right) = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\cos 2x = 0\\
- 3\cos 2x + 7 = 0
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\cos 2x = 0\\
\cos 2x = \frac{7}{3}\left( {VN} \right)
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow 2x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k\pi \\
\Leftrightarrow x = \frac{\pi }{4} + \frac{{k\pi }}{2}
\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = {\pi  \over 4} + {{k\pi } \over 2}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}
\cos 2x + \cos x + 1 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 2{\cos ^2}x - 1 + \cos x + 1 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 2{\cos ^2}x + \cos x = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \cos x\left( {2\cos x + 1} \right) = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\cos x = 0\\
2\cos x + 1 = 0
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\cos x = 0\\
\cos x = - \frac{1}{2}
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k\pi \\
x = \pm \frac{{2\pi }}{3} + k2\pi
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = {\pi  \over 2} + k\pi ,x =  \pm {{2\pi } \over 3} + k2\pi \)

\(\begin{array}{l}
\cos 2x - 5\sin x - 3 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 1 - 2{\sin ^2}x - 5\sin x - 3 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 2{\sin ^2}x + 5\sin x + 2 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\sin x = - \frac{1}{2}\\
\sin x = - 2\left( {VN} \right)
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
x = - \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \\
x = \frac{{7\pi }}{6} + k2\pi
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x =  - {\pi  \over 6} + k2\pi ,x =  {7\pi  \over 6} + k2\pi \)

\(\begin{array}{l}
6{\cos ^2}x + 5\sin x - 7 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 6\left( {1 - {{\sin }^2}x} \right) + 5\sin x - 7 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow - 6{\sin ^2}x + 5\sin x - 1 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\sin x = \frac{1}{2}\\
\sin x = \frac{1}{3}
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
x = \frac{\pi }{6} + k2\pi \\
x = \frac{{5\pi }}{6} + k2\pi \\
x = \arcsin \frac{1}{3} + k2\pi \\
x = \pi - \arcsin \frac{1}{3} + k2\pi
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = {\pi  \over 6} + k2\pi ,x = {{5\pi } \over 6} + k2\pi ,\) \(x =\arcsin \frac{1}{3}  + k2\pi ,\) \(x = \pi  - \arcsin \frac{1}{3}  + k2\pi\).

\(\begin{array}{l}
PT \Leftrightarrow {\cot ^2}x + \sqrt 3 \cot x - \cot x - \sqrt 3 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \cot x\left( {\cot x + \sqrt 3 } \right) - \left( {\cot x + \sqrt 3 } \right) = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \left( {\cot x + \sqrt 3 } \right)\left( {\cot x - 1} \right) = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\cot x + \sqrt 3 = 0\\
\cot x - 1 = 0
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\cot x = - \sqrt 3 \\
\cot x = 1
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
x = - \frac{\pi }{6} + k\pi \\
x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k\pi
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = {\pi  \over 4} + k\pi ,x =  - {\pi  \over 6} + k\pi \)

ĐK:

\(\begin{array}{l}
\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
\sin x \ne 0\\
\cos x \ne 0
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \sin x\cos x \ne 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 2\sin x\cos x \ne 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \sin 2x \ne 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 2x \ne k\pi \\
\Leftrightarrow x \ne \frac{{k\pi }}{2}
\end{array}\)

Khi đó, 

\(\begin{array}{l}
PT \Leftrightarrow 7\tan x - \frac{4}{{\tan x}} = 12\\
\Leftrightarrow 7{\tan ^2}x - 12\tan x - 4 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\tan x = 2\\
\tan x = - \frac{2}{7}
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
x = \arctan 2 + k\pi \\
x = \arctan \left( { - \frac{2}{7}} \right) + k\pi
\end{array} \right.(TM)
\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = \arctan 2   + k\pi ,\) \(x = \arctan \left( { - \frac{2}{7}} \right)  + k\pi\)

\(\begin{array}{l}
3{\cot ^2}\left( {x + \frac{\pi }{5}} \right) = 1\\
\Leftrightarrow {\cot ^2}\left( {x + \frac{\pi }{5}} \right) = \frac{1}{3}\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
\cot \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{5}} \right) = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}\\
\cot \left( {x + \frac{\pi }{5}} \right) = - \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
x + \frac{\pi }{5} = \frac{\pi }{3} + k\pi \\
x + \frac{\pi }{5} = - \frac{\pi }{3} + k\pi
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
x = \frac{{2\pi }}{{15}} + k\pi \\
x = - \frac{{8\pi }}{{15}} + k\pi
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm \(x = {{2\pi } \over {15}} + k\pi ,x = -{{8\pi } \over {15}} + k\pi \).

\(\begin{array}{l}
4{\sin ^4}x + 12{\cos ^2}x = 7\\
\Leftrightarrow 4{\left( {1 - {{\cos }^2}x} \right)^2} + 12{\cos ^2}x - 7 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 4\left( {{{\cos }^4}x - 2{{\cos }^2}x + 1} \right) + 12{\cos ^2}x - 7 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 4{\cos ^4}x + 4{\cos ^2}x - 3 = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
{\cos ^2}x = \frac{1}{2}\\
{\cos ^2}x = - \frac{3}{2}\left( {VN} \right)
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow {\cos ^2}x = \frac{1}{2}\\
\Leftrightarrow \frac{{1 + \cos 2x}}{2} = \frac{1}{2}\\
\Leftrightarrow 1 + \cos 2x = 1\\
\Leftrightarrow \cos 2x = 0\\
\Leftrightarrow 2x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k\pi \\
\Leftrightarrow x = \frac{\pi }{4} + \frac{{k\pi }}{2}
\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = {\pi  \over 4} + {{k\pi } \over 2}\).

\(\begin{array}{l}
\sin \left( {3x - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) = \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\\
\Leftrightarrow \sin \left( {3x - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) = \sin \frac{\pi }{3}\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
3x - \frac{\pi }{6} = \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi \\
3x - \frac{\pi }{6} = \pi - \frac{\pi }{3} + k2\pi
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
3x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi \\
3x = \frac{{5\pi }}{6} + k2\pi
\end{array} \right.\\
\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}
x = \frac{\pi }{6} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{3}\\
x = \frac{{5\pi }}{{18}} + \frac{{k2\pi }}{3}
\end{array} \right.
\end{array}\)